Managing Type II Diabetes Discussion Paper
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A 45 year old obese female is newly diagnosed with Type II diabetes. Describe the necessary work up for this patient. What medications should be initiated? What lifestyle interventions are evidence supported? What health promotion interventions are indicated? Managing Type II Diabetes Discussion Paper
Various tests can be used to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes. The necessary workouts for the newly diagnosed diabetes patient involve a fasting plasma glucose test to determine the blood glucose level at a particular time. A full haemogram test can be conducted to assess the blood hemoglobin levels, while the glycosylated hemoglobin test can determine the body’s sugar control over the past three months. An electrocardiogram can be conducted to assess heart abnormalities. According to Bedane et al. (2021), the electrocardiogram detects heart abnormalities in type 2 diabetes patients. The fasting and random plasma glucose levels are linked to retinopathy; thus, fundoscopy can assess the eye (Farasat et al., 2017). Type 2 diabetes is also associated with hyperglycemia which can cause renal injuries. A urine analysis can indicate proteinuria signifying kidney injury secondary to hyperglycemia.
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Glucose-lowering drugs treat type 2 diabetes. According to Madsen et al. (2019), metformin and sulfonylureas are widely used to manage type 2 diabetes. In this case, the patient should be started on metformin 500mg twice a day and glibenclamide 5mg once a day. Besides, lifestyle interventions such as physical activities such as 30 minutes-walk for five days a week, weight reduction, and control of salt intake can be used to reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes (Hunger et al., 2020). Besides, the fat and sugar levels in the diet are associated with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes, thus calling for reduction. In light, of health promotion interventions such as dietary and health education, psychological support on emotional and associated anxiety, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and appropriate adjustment of the medications. The health promotion advances should align with evidence-based support programs. Managing Type II Diabetes Discussion Paper
References
Bedane, D. A., Tadesse, S., Bariso, M., Reta, W., & Desu, G. (2021). Assessment of electrocardiogram abnormality and associated factors among apparently healthy adult type 2 diabetic patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 21(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02110-6
Farasat, T., Sharif, S., Manzoor, F., Zafar, M., & Naz, S. (2017). Prevalence of Retinopathy Detected by Fundoscopy among Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients Visiting a Local Hospital in Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 49(1), 345-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.1.345.349
Hunger, J. M., Smith, J. P., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2020). An evidence‐based rationale for adopting weight‐inclusive health policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 14(1), 73-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12062
Madsen, K. S., Kähler, P., Kähler, L. K. A., Madsbad, S., Gnesin, F., Metzendorf, M. I., … & Hemmingsen, B. (2019). Metformin and second‐or third‐generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4). Managing Type II Diabetes Discussion Paper