NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan – Step-by-Step Guide With Example Answer
The first step before starting to write the NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan is to understand the requirements of the assignment. The first step is to read the assignment prompt carefully to identify the topic, the length and format requirements. You should go through the rubric provided so that you can understand what is needed to score the maximum points for each part of the assignment.
It is also important to identify the paper’s audience and purpose, as this will help you determine the tone and style to use throughout. You can then create a timeline to help you complete each stage of the paper, such as conducting research, writing the paper, and revising it to avoid last-minute stress before the deadline. After identifying the formatting style to be applied to the paper, such as APA, review its use, including writing citations and referencing the resources used. You should also review the formatting requirements for the title page and headings in the paper, as outlined by Capella University.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
The next step in preparing for your paper is to conduct research and identify the best sources to use to support your arguments. Identify a list of keywords related to your topic using various combinations. The first step is to visit the Capella University library and search through its database using the important keywords related to your topic. You can also find books, peer-reviewed articles, and credible sources for your topic from the Capella University Library, PubMed, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Ensure that you select the references that have been published in the last 5 years and go through each to check for credibility. Ensure that you obtain the references in the required format, such as APA, so that you can save time when creating the final reference list.
You can also group the references according to their themes that align with the outline of the paper. Go through each reference for its content and summarize the key concepts, arguments and findings for each source. You can write down your reflections on how each reference connects to the topic you are researching. After the above steps, you can develop a strong thesis that is clear, concise and arguable. Next, create a detailed outline of the paper to help you develop headings and subheadings for the content. Ensure that you plan what point will go into each paragraph.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
The introduction of the paper is the most crucial part, as it helps provide the context of your work and determines whether the reader will be interested in reading through to the end. Begin with a hook, which will help capture the reader’s attention. You should contextualize the topic by offering the reader a concise overview of the topic you are writing about so that they may understand its importance. You should state what you aim to achieve with the paper. The last part of the introduction should be your thesis statement, which provides the main argument of the paper.
How to Write the Body for NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
The body of the paper helps you to present your arguments and evidence to support your claims. You can use headings and subheadings developed in the paper’s outline to guide you on how to organize the body. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence to help the reader know what point you will be discussing in that paragraph. Support your claims using the evidence collected from the research, and ensure that you cite each source properly using in-text citations. You should analyze the evidence presented and explain its significance, as well as how it relates to the thesis statement. You should maintain a logical flow between paragraphs by using transition words and a flow of ideas.
How to Write the In-text Citations for NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
In-text citations help readers give credit to the authors of the references they have used in their work. All ideas that have been borrowed from references, any statistics and direct quotes must be referenced properly. The name and date of publication of the paper should be included when writing an in-text citation. For example, in APA, after stating the information, you can put an in-text citation after the end of the sentence, such as (Smith, 2021). If you are quoting directly from a source, include the page number in the citation, for example (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Remember to also include a corresponding reference list at the end of your paper that provides full details of each source cited in your text. An example paragraph highlighting the use of in-text citations is as below:
“The integration of technology in nursing practice has significantly transformed patient care and improved health outcomes. According to Morelli et al. (2024), the use of electronic health records (EHRs) has streamlined communication among healthcare providers, allowing for more coordinated and efficient care delivery. Furthermore, Alawiye (2024) highlights that telehealth services have expanded access to care, particularly for patients in rural areas, thereby reducing barriers to treatment.”
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
When writing the conclusion of the paper, start by restating your thesis, which helps remind the reader what your paper is about. Summarize the key points of the paper by restating them. Discuss the implications of your findings and your arguments. Conclude with a call to action that leaves a lasting impression on the reader or offers recommendations.
How to Format the Reference List for NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
The reference helps provide the reader with the complete details of the sources you cited in the paper. The reference list should start with the title “References” on a new page. It should be aligned center and bolded. The references should be organized in an ascending order alphabetically, and each should have a hanging indent. If a source has no author, it should be alphabetized by the title of the work, ignoring any initial articles such as “A,” “An,” or “The.” If you have multiple works by the same author, list them in chronological order, starting with the earliest publication.
Each reference entry should include specific elements depending on the type of source. For books, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the book in italics, the edition (if applicable), and the publisher’s name. For journal articles, include the author’s last name, first initial, publication year in parentheses, the title of the article (not italicized), the title of the journal in italics, the volume number in italics, the issue number in parentheses (if applicable), and the page range of the article. For online sources, include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or the URL at the end of the reference. An example reference list is as follows:
References
Morelli, S., Daniele, C., D’Avenio, G., Grigioni, M., & Giansanti, D. (2024). Optimizing telehealth: Leveraging Key Performance Indicators for enhanced telehealth and digital healthcare outcomes (Telemechron Study). Healthcare, 12(13), 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131319
Alawiye, T. (2024). The impact of digital technology on healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. E-Health Telecommunication Systems and Networks, 13, 13-22. 10.4236/etsn.2024.132002.
NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan Instructions
For this assessment, you can use a supplied template to conduct a root-cause analysis. The completed assessment will be a scholarly paper focusing on a quality or safety issue in a healthcare setting of your choice as well as a safety improvement plan. Have a look at NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 3 Improvement Plan In-Service Presentation.
Introduction
As patient safety concerns continue to be addressed in healthcare settings, nurses can play an active role in implementing safety improvement measures and plans. Often root-cause analyses are conducted and safety improvement plans are created to address sentinel or adverse events such as medication errors, patient falls, wrong-site surgery events, and hospital-acquired infections. Performing a root-cause analysis offers a systematic approach for identifying causes of problems, including process and system-check failures. Once the causes of failures have been determined, a safety improvement plan can be developed to prevent recurrences. The baccalaureate nurse’s role as a leader is to create safety improvement plans as well as disseminate vital information to staff nurses and other healthcare professionals to protect patients and improve outcomes.
As you prepare for this assessment, it would be an excellent choice to complete the Quality and Safety Improvement Plan Knowledge Base activity and to review the various assessment resources, all of which will help you build your knowledge of key concepts and terms related to quality and safety improvement. The terms and concepts will be helpful as you prepare your Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan. Activities are not graded and demonstrate course engagement.
Overview
Nursing practice is governed by healthcare policies and procedures as well as state and national regulations developed to prevent problems. It is critical for nurses to participate in gathering and analyzing data to determine causes of patient safety issues, in solving problems, and in implementing quality improvements.
For this assessment, use the specific safety concern identified in your previous assessment as the subject of a root-cause analysis and safety improvement plan.
Instructions
The purpose of this assessment is to demonstrate your understanding of and ability to analyze a root cause of a specific safety concern in a healthcare setting. You will create a plan to improve the safety of patients related to the safety quality issue presented in your Assessment Supplement PDF in Assessment 1. Based on the results of your analysis, using the literature and professional best practices as well as the existing resources at your chosen healthcare setting, provide a rationale for your plan.
Use the Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan [DOCX] template to help you to stay organized and concise.
Additionally, be sure that your plan addresses the following, which corresponds to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. Please study the scoring guide carefully so you understand what is needed for a distinguished score.
- Analyze the root cause of a patient safety issue or a specific sentinel event in an organization.
- Apply evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address the safety issue or sentinel event.
- Create a viable, evidence-based safety improvement plan.
- Identify existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve your plan.
- Communicate in writing that is clear, logical, and professional, with correct grammar and spelling, using current APA style.
Additional Requirements
- Length of submission: Use the provided template to create a 4–6 page root-cause analysis and safety improvement plan. A title page is not required but you must include a reference list as per the template.
- Number of references: Cite a minimum of 3 sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your findings and considerations. Resources should be no more than 5 years old. Use the BSN Nursing Program Library Guide as needed.
- APA formatting: Format references and citations according to current APA style. See the APA Module.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
- Competency 1: Analyze the elements of a successful quality improvement initiative.
- Apply evidence-based and best-practice strategies to address a safety issue or sentinel event.
- Create a feasible, evidence-based safety improvement plan to address a specific patient safety issue.
- Competency 2: Analyze factors that lead to patient safety risks.
- Analyze the root cause of a specific sentinel event or a patient safety issue in an organization.
- Competency 3: Identify organizational interventions to promote patient safety.
- Identify existing organizational resources that could be leveraged to improve a plan.
- Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly, evidence-based strategies to communicate in a manner that supports safe and effective patient care.
- Organize content so ideas flow logically with smooth transitions; contains few errors in grammar or punctuation, word choice, and spelling.
- Apply APA formatting to in-text citations and references exhibiting nearly flawless adherence to APA format.
NURS-FPX4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan Example
Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan
Completed by: (Student Name)
Organization: School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Capella University
Department: NURS4035: Improving Quality of Care and Patient Safety
Reported to: (Instructor Name)
Date Completed by: (Date)
This template is provided as an aid in organizing the steps in a root-cause analysis. Not all possibilities and questions will apply in every case, and there may be others that will emerge in the course of the analysis. However, all possibilities and questions should be fully considered in your quest for “root cause” and risk reduction.
A sentinel event is a patient safety event that occurs unexpectedlyand is not primarily related to the natural course of the patient’s illness or underlying condition.
These events are debilitating not only for patients but also for the health care providers involved. The goal is to learn from these incidents, improve systems, and prevent further harm to patients
Remember, a thorough root-cause analysis aims to uncover both immediate causes and underlying systemic issues to prevent similar events in the future.
| Understanding What Happened | |
| What happened?: Begin by understanding the sequence of events leading up to the sentinel event. Gather detailed information about the incident, including the timeline, people involved, and context. Who did the problem/event affect, and how? | A patient in the psychiatric department became agitated and physically assaulted a nurse. The patient exhibited signs of agitation and verbal aggression due to an underlying psychiatric disorder. Since there was no immediate security backup, the incident escalated. The nurse suffered serious injuries and emotional trauma while the patient experienced delays in care due to the escalation. Other staff also felt unsafe and less confident in handling aggressive patients despite not reporting the incident promptly due to the lack of a reporting process. The organization also suffered liability risks due to potential lawsuits and damage to its reputation. |
| Why did it happen?: Human Factors: Investigate whether communication breakdowns, staff fatigue, or lack of training contributed. System Factors: Examine workflow processes, equipment failures, and environmental factors. Organizational Culture: Assess if there are cultural issues, lack of safety culture, or inadequate leadership support. Society/Culture: What role might cultural assumptions or backgrounds play? | Several factors contributed to the escalation of the workplace violence issue. The human factors included communication breakdown since the patient’s history of violent behavior was not communicated, and the lack of de-escalation training made the nurse have limited experience with aggressive patients. The system factors included the delayed security response and inadequate risk assessment to identify high-risk patients. Furthermore, the organizational culture played a major role in escalating the incidence due to the lack of a strong safety culture and inconsistent training policies. In addition, cultural norms and patient-provider interaction factors, such as stigma around mental health and assumptions about aggression in healthcare. For instance, some staff had normalized aggressive behavior, which led to delayed intervention. |
| Was there a deviation from protocols or standards?: Procedures and Policies: Determine if established protocols were followed or if there were deviations. Were there any steps that were not taken or did not happen as intended? Documentation: Review medical records, nursing notes, and other relevant documentation. | Despite the hospital having a workplace violence prevention policy in place, the policy was not followed. The policy requires nurses to conduct early risk screening for violent behavior, alert security immediately for high-risk patients, train staff on de-escalation techniques and make panic alarms available. However, no documented risk screening was conducted, and security was not notified promptly, thereby delaying the response. In addition, the nurse was alone on the shift, increasing the risk of violence. The panic alarm system should have been easily accessible, yet security’s response time was delayed due to a lack of preemptive alerting. The aggressive patient’s violent behavior was not documented, and the event was only partially reported. Therefore, there were deviations in documentation through inconsistent reporting |
| Who was involved?: Staff: Identify the roles of individuals directly involved in the event. Supervisors and Managers: Investigate | Several individuals were involved in the incident. The staff involved included the nurse, the primary staff member who attempted de-escalation but lacked formal training, and the security personnel, who took longer than expected to arrive at the incident scene due to unclear protocols. The supervisors and managers involved include the charge nurse, who is responsible for staff supervision and ensuring safety protocols are followed, and the hospital administration, which should have investigated the event as a sentinel event. |
| Was there a breakdown in communication?: Interdisciplinary Communication: Assess how well different teams communicated. Patient-Provider Communication: Explore whether patients were informed and understood their care. | There was both interdisciplinary and patient-provider communication breakdown, resulting in the sentinel event. For instance, the lack of communication between the nurse and security personnel regarding the patient’s risk of aggression led to a delayed response, increasing staff vulnerability. Additionally, the nurse manager was not immediately informed of the patient’s escalating aggression, which led to confusion about who should intervene. A patient-provider communication breakdown was evident in the ineffective patient assessment and communication, whereby the nurse did not fully assess the patient’s mental state, and the patient did not understand related instructions due to cognitive impairment. |
| What were the contributing factors?: Physical Environment: Consider facility layout, equipment availability, and workspaces. Staffing Levels: Evaluate if staffing was adequate. Training and Competency: Assess staff’s knowledge and skills. | The factors that contributed to the incident included physical environmental factors, such as the lack of designated safe zones for de-escalation and inadequate equipment, including personal safety devices. Inadequate staffing meant that fewer personnel were available to respond, and there was only one nurse in the department during the shift when the incident occurred. Lack of workplace violence training also contributed to the incident since the nurse had no recent de-escalation training to handle aggressive patients. Additionally, there are no mandatory refresher courses on handling aggressive behavior, which could have helped the nurse de-escalate the issue. |
| Did organizational policies or procedures play a role?: Policy Compliance: Investigate if policies were followed. Policy Clarity: Assess if policies are clear and accessible. | Organizational policies and procedures contributed to the escalation of the incident. For instance, the institution had a workplace violence prevention policy, but it was not consistently followed. In addition, it is possible that the staff involved were unaware of the workplace violence policy procedures, including how to report early warning signs of aggression. Moreover, the hospital did not regularly reinforce policies on handling workplace violence. |
| Was there a failure in monitoring or surveillance?: Vital Signs Monitoring: Check if there were any missed signs. Alarm Fatigue: Explore if alarms were ignored. | The nurse at the department failed to assess the patient for risk of aggression and violence. There was no alarm system in place. |
| What can be learned to prevent recurrence?: Lessons Learned: Identify systemic changes, training needs, and opportunities for improvement. Quality Improvement: Consider implementing preventive measures. | Various lessons can be learned to prevent similar recurrence in the future. The lessons learned from the event include that early warning signs of aggression must be systematically assessed, environmental designs play a crucial role in staff safety, workplace violence policies must be actively reinforced, security and interdisciplinary communication need improvement, and real-time communication systems should be implemented for effective situations de-escalation. The quality improvement measures necessary to handle similar situations more effectively in the future include training and competency development, standardized risk assessment and monitoring, and facility and environmental modifications such as installing panic buttons and alarms. |
| How can patient safety be enhanced?: Risk Mitigation: Develop strategies to minimize risks. Education and Training: Ensure staff are well-trained. Reporting and Feedback: Encourage open reporting and learning from mistakes. | Patient safety can be enhanced within an institution by standardizing violence risk assessments, installing facility safety enhancements, and implementing stronger security protocols to improve security presence in high-risk areas, such as the psychiatric department. In addition, education and training should be made mandatory for all staff who may be at risk of aggression, including nurses at the psychiatric department. Staff in other departments should also be trained on trauma-informed care by educating them on how past trauma influences patient aggression and how to respond appropriately. The organization should encourage open reporting by establishing a non-punitive reporting culture to ensure staff report violent incidents, and simplifying incident reporting forms to make the process easier. Leaders should also work n revieweing and acting promptly on incident reports, and gather feedback through surveys and meetings to refine policies. |
Root Cause(s) to the issue or sentinel event?
Upon completion of the analysis above, please explicitly state one or more root causes that led to the issue or sentinel event. Please refer to the factors discussed above and categorize each root cause by choosing all that apply.
| Root Cause – the most basic reason that the situation occurred | Contributing Factors – additional reason(s) that clearly made a situation turn out less than ideal | HFC | HF T | HF F/S | E | R | B | |
| The workplace violence incident was primarily caused by inadequate security measures, poor staff training, communication breakdowns, and a weak safety culture within the organization. Additional contributing factors included understaffing, lack of standardized risk assessments, and environmental design flaws that increased staff vulnerability. | 1 | understaffing | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| 2 | Lack of a standardized risk assessment and lack of de-escalation training | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| 3 | Environmental design flaws | ✓ | ✓ |
HF-C = Human Factor-communication HF-T = Human Factor-training HF-F/S = Human Factor-fatigue/scheduling
E= environment/equipment R= rules/policies/procedures B=barriers
Application of Evidence-Based Strategies
Identify evidence-based best practice strategies to address the safety issue or sentinel event.
| Workplace violence in healthcare is a critical patient safety issue influenced by multiple factors, including communication failures, inadequate training, and environmental risks. Fricke et al. (2023) highlight that workplace violence often results from poor interdisciplinary communication, lack of de-escalation training, and gaps in security measures. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 2021) emphasizes that high-risk areas, such as emergency departments and psychiatric units, require proactive security measures, including controlled access, panic alarms, and staff training. Additionally, the Joint Commission (2022) emphasizes the importance of cultivating a culture of safety by implementing workplace violence prevention standards, which require clear reporting mechanisms and leadership engagement in efforts to reduce violence. Additionally, improving communication through structured training programs, such as TeamSTEPPS and SBAR tools, has been demonstrated to reduce errors and enhance teamwork in healthcare settings. Cooke and Valentine (2021) assert that effective communication strategies enhance collaboration among healthcare professionals, reducing misunderstandings that could escalate into violent incidents. De-escalation training is another critical component of violence prevention. Thompson et al. (2022) found that structured de-escalation training improves healthcare workers’ ability to manage aggressive patient behaviors, decreasing the likelihood of violent encounters. This aligns with best practices that emphasize proactive identification of escalating situations and the use of verbal intervention techniques to prevent physical confrontations. Environmental factors and alarm fatigue also contribute to workplace violence risks. Raveendran and Becker (2021) highlight how frequent alarm sounds in high-acuity settings can desensitize staff, leading to delayed responses to patient agitation and aggression. Addressing this issue requires optimizing alarm systems to reduce unnecessary noise and ensuring that staff are trained to recognize early warning signs of aggression. By integrating communication training, de-escalation techniques, and environmental modifications, healthcare organizations can create a safer environment for both patients and staff, ultimately reducing the incidence of workplace violence. |
Explain how the strategies could be applied in the safety issues or sentinel events you have identified.
| To address workplace violence in healthcare, implementing evidence-based de-escalation training is critical. Research highlights that structured de-escalation training programs enhance staff confidence in managing aggressive behaviors while reducing violent incidents (Thompson et al., 2023). Training should include nonviolent crisis intervention, communication techniques, and role-playing exercises. Additionally, improving interdisciplinary communication through standardized reporting tools, such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation), can help staff recognize and respond to early warning signs of aggression. Clear communication between nursing staff, security personnel, and administration ensures timely intervention and better incident documentation (Cooke & Valentine, 2021). Another key strategy is enhancing workplace security measures, including controlled access to high-risk areas, panic buttons, and the presence of security personnel in emergency departments and psychiatric units. OSHA (2021) recommends the use of real-time surveillance systems to monitor high-risk zones, enabling a rapid response to threats. Additionally, fostering a culture of safety and reporting through anonymous reporting mechanisms and leadership-driven initiatives can empower staff to voice concerns without fear of retaliation (Joint Commission, 2022). Regular safety drills, combined with policy reinforcement, help organizations create a proactive rather than reactive approach to workplace violence, ultimately safeguarding both patients and healthcare workers. |
Safety Improvement Plan
List any future actions needed to prevent reoccurrence.
| Action Plan One for each Root Cause/Contributing Factor from above | E / C / A Choose one | |
| 1 | Increase staffing levels, especially in high-risk units | C |
| 2 | Implement standardized workplace violence risk assessments and mandatory de-escalation training | C |
| 3 | Install environmental changes in the facility such as installing panic buttons and surveillance alarm systems | E |
E = eliminate (i.e., piece of equipment is removed, fixed, or replaced.)
C = control (i.e. additional step/warning is added or staff is educated/re-educated)
A = accept (i.e. formal or informal discussions of “don’t let it happen again” or “pay better attention” but nothing else will change and the risk is accepted)
Describe any new processes or policies and/or professional development that will be undertaken to address the root cause(s).
| To address the root causes of inadequate security measures, poor staff training, communication breakdowns, and weak safety culture within the organization, various new processes and professional development initiatives will be undertaken. To address understaffing, a Workforce Optimization Policy will be implemented, ensuring adequate nurse-to-patient ratios in high-risk areas, including psychiatric units. According to OSHA (2021), inadequate staffing increases the likelihood of workplace violence due to delayed response times and staff fatigue. To mitigate this, the organization will establish a float pool program with cross-trained staff to provide coverage during peak hours and staff shortages. Additionally, retention strategies, including competitive salaries, mental health support, and professional development opportunities, will be introduced to reduce burnout and high turnover rates. Fricke et al. (2023) emphasize that retention and recruitment efforts are critical for maintaining a safe work environment, as overworked staff are more prone to errors and less equipped to handle violent situations effectively. To combat the lack of standardized risk assessment and de-escalation training, a Violence Risk Assessment Protocol will be established. This protocol will require mandatory risk assessments using validated tools upon patient admission and at regular intervals. Thompson et al. (2022) highlight that de-escalation training significantly reduces workplace violence by equipping staff with the skills to identify early warning signs and intervene appropriately. Therefore, a De-escalation and Crisis Management Training Program will be made a mandatory annual competency for all staff, incorporating TeamSTEPPS and SBAR strategies and real-life simulation exercises (Cooke & Valentine, 2021). Additionally, environmental design flaws will be addressed through new Facility Safety Standards, including secured workspaces, controlled access doors, and emergency alert systems. The Joint Commission (2022) emphasizes that enhancing facility design and implementing surveillance measures are essential to reducing the incidence of workplace violence. These initiatives will create a safer environment, ensuring that both staff and patients are protected from violent incidents. |
Provide a description of the goals or desired outcomes of the actions listed above, along with a rough timeline of development and implementation for the plan.
| The primary goal of this safety improvement plan is to reduce workplace violence by addressing understaffing, implementing standardized risk assessments, enhancing de-escalation training, and improving facility safety measures. Desired outcomes include increased staff preparedness, reduced violent incidents, and a safer work environment. Over the first three months, policies on staffing, risk assessment, and facility safety will be developed and approved. By months four to six, de-escalation training will be launched, and workforce optimization strategies will be implemented. From months seven to nine, environmental safety modifications, such as surveillance upgrades, will be completed. Finally, by months ten to twelve, effectiveness will be evaluated through incident reporting data and staff feedback, with adjustments made as needed. |
Existing Organizational Resources
Identify resources that may be required for the success of the safety improvement plan. Consider what existing resources may be leveraged to enhance the improvement plan.
| The successful implementation of the safety improvement plan will require additional human, financial, and technological resources. Hiring additional staff and developing a float pool program will require funding for recruitment and salaries. Standardized risk assessment tools and de-escalation training programs will necessitate training materials, expert facilitators, and simulation equipment. Facility safety upgrades, including controlled access doors, emergency alert systems, and surveillance cameras, will require financial investment. Existing resources, such as internal training departments, security personnel, and electronic health records (EHRs) for risk documentation, can be leveraged to support implementation. Grants and government funding may also be pursued for long-term sustainability. |
References:
Cooke, M., & Valentine, N. M. (2021). Improving Teamwork and Communication in Schools of Nursing: A Quality Improvement Approach Using TeamSTEPPS. Journal of nursing care quality, 36(3), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000513
Fricke, J., Siddique, S. M., Douma, C., Ladak, A., Burchill, C. N., Greysen, R., & Mull, N. K. (2023). Workplace Violence in Healthcare Settings: A Scoping Review of Guidelines and Systematic Reviews. Trauma, violence & abuse, 24(5), 3363–3383. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221126476
Joint Commission. (2022). Workplace violence prevention standards for healthcare organizations. Retrieved from https://www.jointcommission.org
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (2021). Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for healthcare and social service workers. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov
Raveendran, R., & Becker, T. (2021). Alarm fatigue and staff response: Implications for workplace safety. Healthcare Safety & Risk Management Journal, 35(4), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsrm.34521
Thompson, S. L., Zurmehly, J., Bauldoff, G., & Rosselet, R. (2022). De-escalation Training as Part of a Workplace Violence Prevention Program. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 52(4), 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000001135