Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion
Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:
Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems. Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion
Knowledge and understanding of cells and cell behavior are important in disease diagnosis and treatment. It is important to note that other factors and circumstances, such as genes, patient characteristics, race, ethnicity, and the environment in which cells operate, also affect the emergence of disease and its severity. Healthcare providers should have an understanding of these factors to effectively analyze, diagnose, and treat diseases. In addition, it helps them educate patients and guide them through their treatment interventions. This essay analyzes a case study, the symptoms described, the genes associated with disease development, the process of immunosuppression, and its effects on body systems. Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion
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Why the Patient Presented the Symptoms
The patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the colon after a colonoscopy was done. Colon cancer manifests in the large intestine and is common in older people. It starts as polyps, which are clusters of cells that grow inside the colon. Some of the polyps become malignant over time (Ahmed, 2020). The patient presented symptoms such as fevers, crampy left lower quadrant pain, and constipation. The constipation is due to a reduction in bowel movements, a diet lacking in fiber, and tumors in the colon causing narrowing of the rectum. The pain in the lower quadrant is due to obstruction of the colonic lumen. Also, it could have been caused by the location of multiple polyps. The patient is obese, which can be attributed to a sedentary lifestyle. Some of the risk factors that may have predisposed the patient to colon cancer include a health history of diverticulitis, a family history of colon cancer from the paternal grandfather, and obesity (Ahmed, 2020). Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion
Genes Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the colon
An individual from a family with colon cancer is at a higher risk compared to one without. A genetic disease is caused by an anomaly in an individual’s genetic makeup. Genetic abnormalities can range from minor to severe, depending on the chromosomal anomaly and gene mutation. Colon cancer is associated with genetic mutations in the POLE and POLD1 pair. The MACC1 gene has been attributed to metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells in the colon (Hong, 2018). In addition, the gene also causes tumor formation and stimulates expression of hepatocyte growth factor. Colon cancer is caused by an APC gene mutation on chromosome 5. The APC gene encodes the APC protein and is mutated in colorectal cancer. APC protein prevents -catenin protein accumulation. When the APC gene is mutated, it causes a lack of APC protein and the activation of transcription of proto-oncogenes, which contribute to cancer (Hong, 2018). Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion
Effect of Immunosuppression on Body Systems
Immunosuppression is a reduction in the efficacy of the immune system. The immune system contains a network of cells that fight infection in the body. A track of any germ or microbe the body has fought is kept to allow the immune system to recognize and eliminate them if they resurface in the body (Schooling & Zhao, 2018). Immunosuppression happens due to the negative side effects of a system and impairs the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells and associated infections (Gonzalez et al., 2018). When the immune system is unable to fight infection, the body becomes susceptible to disease. Immunosuppression is a risk factor in the development of several cancers and their spread. HIV/AIDS patients and organ recipients are immunocompromised due to the weakening of their immune systems by drugs. Immunosuppression has been found to increase the incidence of cancer. Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion
References
Ahmed, M. (2020). Colon cancer: a clinician’s perspective in 2019. Gastroenterology research, 13(1), 1-10.
Gonzalez, H., Hagerling, C., & Werb, Z. (2018). Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression. Genes & development, 32(19-20), 1267–1284.
Hong S. N. (2018). Genetic and epigenetic alterations of colorectal cancer. Intestinal Research, 16(3), 327–337.
Schooling, C., & Zhao, J. (2018). Strengthening the immune system for cancer prevention. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 115(19), E4316-E4317. Genes Associated With Adenocarcinoma of The Colon Discussion