INSTRUCTIONS: Addresses course outcomes 1-4: recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions Write a paper about

INSTRUCTIONS: Addresses course outcomes 1-4: recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions Write a paper about your chosen topic – selected in Step 1. Your paper should consist of a title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions for your chosen topic, conclusion, and references. The outline you wrote in Step 1 should be your starting point, but you can make edits to the topics and details you include, and the organization of the content. Take advantage of any feedback received. Your paper should be 750-1500 words, excluding references and the title page. Use a minimum of three (3) reliable information sources. These can be different from the resources that you found in step 1 of this assignment. The majority of your paper should be written in your own words, in your own writing style and structure, and fully paraphrasing information from the selected information sources (just changing a few words in a sentence is not enough). Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Quotation marks must be used at the start and end of a direct quote, followed by an in-text citation. When paraphrasing, you should also use text citations to acknowledge the source. A list of references in APA format should be included at the end. Resources that may be helpful as you write your paper: UMGC Citing and Writing page for citation, writing, and academic integrity help. Video from UMGC’s Office of Academic Integrity and Accountability: Paraphrasing Content in Your Own Words Free writing tutoring: Go to the Academic Support tab within our LEO classroom, and click Tutoring to get started! Submit your paper to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule. The originality of your assignment will be checked with Turnitin. Please review the originality report, and if needed, submit a revised assignment before the submission deadline. If you need help accessing and understanding the Turnitin Report and want to learn more about how Turnitin is used at UMGC, here is a good resource: UMGC Library’s Turnitin FAQ Please review the grading rubric, and ask your professor if you have questions about this assignment. TOPIC : VACCINES a) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Briefly explain how the human immune system works. Explain how vaccines work. Contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques, including the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Explain how the mRNA vaccines work based on your knowledge of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. How have vaccinations impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years? Include a few specific statistics. What are some of the diseases that infants and children in the US are routinely vaccinated against? Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines? Specifically, why do some people believe that the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine can cause autism? Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns? Cite the original peer-reviewed scholarly research paper that started this concern and discuss its validity. Conclude with advice to your friend regarding getting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources. PLEASE USE THESE 3 SOURCES FROM THE SCHOOL WEBSITE LIBRARY: https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X24000495?via%3Dihub https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X24000562?via%3Dihub https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X24000136?via%3Dihub